2014年4月9日 星期三

Taiwan

TAIWAN (R.O.C)
Ø   Founded in 1912, the first democratic republic in Asia.
Ø   Area : 36,000 square kilometers
Ø   Population : 23 million
Ø   Language : Mandarin / Taiwanese / Hakka / Indigenous Languages
Ø   President : Mr. Ma Ying Jeou

History
Ø   Between 7000 and 400 years ago, Austronesians, the ancestor of the island's indigenous peoples, became the earliest known inhabitants of Taiwan.
Ø   16th century (the age of discovery): Western sailors arrived in the Far East to set up colonies and conduct trade.
Ø   In the first half of the 17th Century, the Dutch established a presence at Anping.
1624-1662 Dutch
1626-1642 Spanish

Ø   Late 19th century: colony of Japan (50 years)

Resources




國立傳統藝術中心http://www.ncfta.gov.tw/ncfta_eh/e01/






Souvenirs

    Aside from enjoying all kinds of snacks in Taiwan, you also should not miss the special delicacies of each area. Although Taiwan is small, there is a wide variety of products which it has made uniquely its own. These not only make fine gifts for friends and relatives, but they also allow you to take home a true piece of Taiwan.

Ø   鳳梨酥Pineapple cake
    This iconic Taiwanese pastry is one of the best souvenir options. These mini pineapple pies are filled with candied pineapple.

Ø   太陽餅Sun cakes
    Originating in Taichung, the sun cake is simply a flakey pastry filled with maltose.

Ø   茶Tea
    With a reputation of being a tea empire, Taiwan has topography and climate that are perfect for growing tea plants. There are many varieties of tea available in Taiwan; among these, Wenshan Baozhong Tea, Dongding Oolong Tea, Pekoe Oolong (Baihao) Tea, and Tie Guanyin are the four mainstream teas.

    You can pick up virtually any type of teapot in department stores or tea stores. Yingge, the ceramics capital of Taiwan, provides various types of porcelain products. Major department stores and supermarkets have special stalls that sell tea, which makes this national beverage readily available.

Ø   高粱酒Gaoliang Wines
    Kinmen, with its hot, dry weather and unpolluted environment, is the best place to make Gaoliang spirit. Thanks to excellent water quality, the Gaoliang produced here is superior in quality and fine in taste.

Ø   麻糬Mochi
    Mochi (sticky rice cake) is one of the representative delicacies of Taiwan's aboriginal and Hakka cultures. The Amis "dulun" is a chewy, corn-based version of this treat made without filling, while Hakka mochi has come into the spotlight in recent years in large part, which is made by the traditional way, by hand-grinding the glutinous rice, pressing it dry, and then repeatedly kneading the dough into a dense soft texture that is chewy but not sticky. The fillings have a solid and rich taste that has made the cakes a local favorite.

Ø   米Rice
    Taitung features the green massif of the Hualien-Taitung Longitudinal Valley,
blue sky and green field, criss-cross footpaths between fields and thrilling atmosphere. It is the origional rice township of Chihshang rice.
Back in the age of Japanese colonization, Chihshang rice was the tribute to offer to the Japanese Emperor, thus being called the "Tribute Rice"

Ø   柿餅dried persimmon cake

    Shinpu, Hsinchu is famous in Taiwan for its aromatic dried persimmon cake. Meanwhile, the processing of "dried persimmon cake" is an age old famous business at Shinpu. From September to December of the Lunar Calendar, the Chiushiang Feng (the Northeasterly monsoon), whose wind speed is as fast as that of a typhoon, can blow as fast as 20 m per second. In addition, it blows for 10 days and sometimes for half a month. As it begins to blow after Chungyang Festival, it offers a good drying effect for the persimmon cake.

Cuisines

    In Taiwan, cooking techniques from all areas of China have fused; Taiwanese have not only mastered the traditional local Chinese specialties, but have developed new culinary treats. Natural original flavors are preserved and the main focus is on light-seasoned, fresh, and simply flavored dishes.

    The enormous variety of typical Taiwanese snacks is unique in the world, and this kind of food is cheap and delicious, and by no means inferior, with each specialty giving you an insight in the people of the area from which it originates. Typical Taiwanese snacks are found everywhere, but the island's night markets in particular, are the places where these snacks can be found in abundance.

Ø   滷肉飯Braised pork rice 
    A bowl of Braised pork rice has finely chopped pork belly, slow-cooked in aromatic soy sauce with five spices. A little sweet, a little salty, the braised pork rice is comfort food perfected.

Ø   蚵仔煎Oyster omelet
    The snack really showcases the fat of the land of Taiwan with the combination of something from the sea and something from the soil. The eggs are the perfect foil for the little oysters easily found around the island, while sweet potato starch is added to give the whole thing a gooey chewiness. And it was voted best snack to represent the island in 2007.

Ø   珍珠奶茶Bubble tea
    There something very chewy, just like the tapioca balls that are the "bubbles" in bubble tea. It is said that this unique drink was invented out of boredom. Liu Han-Chieh threw some sweetened tapioca pudding into her iced Assam tea on a fateful day in 1988 and one of the greatest Taiwanese exports was born. Huge variations on the theme have since emerged, served cold or hot.

Ø   肉圓Taiwanese meat ball
    The steaming, hot, and chewy Taiwanese meat ball is made with rice flour, corn starch and sweet potato starch and looks almost translucent after cooking. Pork, veggies and sometimes eggs are stuffed inside and gravy is poured on top. 
It is commonly believed that Taiwanese meat ball was invented during periods of scarcity. The simple pork dumpling was then a luxurious snack enjoyed only during the Lunar New Year festival. 

Ø  大腸麵線Intestine vermicelli 
    Pig Intestine Vermicelli consists of silky vermicelli noodles and chopped, braised pork large intestines in a thick, rich soup.

Ø   臭豆腐Stinky tofu
    This is the world's best love-it-or-hate-it snack and Taiwan does it just right. 
The "fragrant" cube of bean curd is deep-fried and draped with sweet and spicy sauce. If you hold your nose, it looks and tastes just like a plain ol' piece of fried tofu, with a crisp casing and soft center like pudding.

Ø   剉冰crushed ice dessert
    An oversized pile of shaved ice, heaped with fresh fruit and flavorings such as mango pieces is the best choice in the hot, humid and stormy summers in Taiwan.

Ø   肉粽Rice Dumplings

    A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is Meat Rice Dumplings (Zongzi), a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves to give it a special flavor. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of rice dumpling is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the 汨羅 river in order to keep fish from eating 屈原.

Architectures

Due to the complexity of our history, there is diversity in our culture. So visitors can see different kinds of buildings and constructions. With the rich historical background, the modern Taiwan has developed into a high tech society with the preservation of our culture. 

Ø   故宮 The National Palace Museum
   The National Palace Museum, located in the outskirts of Taipei City, is home to priceless artifacts that present the essence of China's 5,000 years of history. It has the finest collection of Chinese art in the world, providing an eye-opening experience of Chinese culture. 

Ø   龍山寺 Long Shan Temple
    Long Shan Temple is not only a temple, a sightseeing attraction, but also a second-degree historical site in Taiwan. It is dedicated to the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy (Guanshiyin Budda) and other divine spirits. The variety of deities in this temple shows the tolerant mentality of the Chinese people in their religious life.

    The temple was built in Qianlong 5th year in Qing Dynasty. There are a pair of bronze dragon poles in the front hall and four pairs of dragon poles in the middle hall.

    Being a masterpiece of traditional Chinese architecture and a well-established Buddhist temple in Taipei, Lung Shan Temple has become a center of people's religious life and a heritage of local culture.

Ø   101
    Located in the finest district Taipei has to offer, TAIPEI 101 is the largest engineering project ever in the history of the Taiwan construction business. The design transcends the uni-body concept and is based on the Chinese number 8, a numeral long considered lucky in Chinese culture. Eight-floor structural units are connected one by one on top of each other to form the whole. This kind of rhythmic aesthetic is new to skyscrapers.

    Resembling the flexible yet persistent bamboo that rises into the sky, the building is a reflection of traditional Chinese building philosophy. The transparent and non-reflective curtain walls are energy efficient and heat reflective, enabling those in Taiwan’s tallest building to have a clear view of the world around them. High tech materials and innovative illumination creates a see through effect with transparency and clarity that facilitates the harmony between the building and its natural environment.

Ø   總統府 The Presidential Office Building
    The Presidential Office Building was built during Japanese colonization period as the governor's mansion at that time. The building has been used as the presidential mansion after the central government of R.O.C. was reinstated in Taiwan.

    The outer portion is covered with steel concrete. Gravel is used as decoration horizontally. A sense of grandeur and vigorousness is presented via the red-white composition.

Ø   安平古堡 Fort Anping
    In 1624, Dutch built the first fort, "Fort Zeelandia", in Anping where has been the administrative center of the Dutch regime, and the hub for trading. In 1661, the fort was renamed as Anping to commemorate his home town when Cheng Cheng-Kung drove the Dutch out of Taiwan.

    In Kangxi Emperor's regime of Qing Dynasty, Taiwan was included in the empire that the political center was transferred to Tainan City, causing the decline of the Fort.

Ø   世博台灣館 The Taiwan Pavilion Expo
    The Taiwan Pavilion Expo 2010 uses multi-layered multimedia performances to convey the building’s core concept, “Mountain, Water, & Lantern of the Heart.” In day and night two different appearances, visitors from around the world will marvel at the huge LED ball representing “The Heart of Taiwan” and its lantern screen which projects a wide array of spectacular views of the island that echo one another. The concrete LED ball is constantly encircled by moving virtual images, including thousands of flying butterflies and a deep-sea experience. Taiwan’s creativity, sustainability of nature and local arts are among other stunning themes and visions that the Pavilion will share with the world.

    The Taiwan Pavilion’s “Lantern of the Heart” is also surrounded by a rimless pool at the foundation to symbolize the Pacific Ocean, while the water from Sun Moon Lake, ceramic butterflies made in Yingge and actual rocks from Jade Mountain serve as metaphors of five harmonious elements of the East: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. When visitors step onto the sky lantern lighting stage, it will seem as taking a step onto Taiwan’s very soil. When people light the sky lanterns, they are expressing their wish for harmony in the world, as well as their hope to “go back to nature” in “future cities.” Each activity designed by the Taiwan Pavilion aims to realize the dream of maximizing harmony in our lives and to share a new vision of the 21st century with the world which is also the essence of the Taiwanese spirit. 

Ø   高雄美麗島捷運站 Formosa Boulevard Station
    Ranked second-most beautiful metro station in the entire world, the Formosa Boulevard Station is known for its "Dome of Light", the largest glass work in the world, designed by Italian artist Narcissus Quagliata. 

Lanscapes

Taiwan is known for its towering mountains and beautiful coastal scenes. We have several spots that can definitely attract your attention, such as spectacular mountains and the breathtaking coastline. 

Ø   太魯閣Taroko
    Taroko is famous for its spectacular mountains and marble canyons. Four million years ago, the island of Taiwan was formed by the collision of plates. After millions of years of wind erosion, the marble rocks were exposed and cut by Li Wu River, creating impressive grand canyons. Such special geography has also bred special flora and fauna in this area. The waterfalls characterized Taroko National Park. Tourists can appreciate the natural beauty along the tour track. Swallows nest on the cliff, chirping and flying back forth.

Ø   玉山Yushan
    Yushan, with its highest point 3,952 meters (12,966 ft.) above sea level, is the highest mountain in Taiwan. Yushan is also called Jade MountainIn because in winter, it is often capped with thick snow which makes the entire peak shine like stainless jade. 

    Yushan was elected one of 28 finalists in the New 7 Wonders of Nature voting campaign in 2009. It even had held the top position in the “Mountains and Volcanoes” category on the list of first round voting of the 77 nominees.

    The Yushan National Park is the largest, highest and least accessible national park in Taiwan. It contains the largest tract of wilderness remaining in Taiwan and is also valued for its pristine forests and faunal diversity, including many endemic species.

Ø   日月潭Sun Moon Lake
    Sun Moon Lake is the largest body of water in Taiwan. Situated in Nantou, the area around the Sun Moon Lake is home to the Thao tribe, one of the aboriginal tribes in Taiwan.  Divided by Lalu Island, the Sun Moon Lake scenic area got its name from the unique terrains that look like sun on one side and crescent moon on the other.

    Lalu Island in the lake is the holy ground for the Thao tribe. In legend, Thao hunters discovered Sun Moon Lake while chasing a white deer through the surrounding mountains. The deer eventually led them to the lake, which they found to be not only beautiful, but abundant with fish. Today, the white deer of legends is immortalized as a marble statue on Lalu Island.

    While swimming in Sun Moon Lake is usually not permitted, there is an annual 3-km race called the Swimming Carnival of Sun Moon Lake held around the Mid-Autumn Festival each year. In recent years the participants have numbered in the tens of thousands.

Ø   野柳女王頭The Queen's Head Rock
    The Queen’s Head, one of the most famous scenes in Yeliu, is a kind of mushroom rock. Nearly 4,000 years old, it is formed due to the differential erosion caused by seawater during curst movement. After it fractured along the grain of the rock in 1962, it has resembled the profile of England's Queen Elizabeth when viewed from a certain angle, which is how it has come to be called the Queen's Head.

Ø   澎湖Penghu
    Penghu Islands is composed by almost a hundred of large and small islands, and most of them are all composed of several layers of basalt coulee. The basalt in Penghu is formed by countless inconsecutive volcano activities, during which the lava rose up from beneath the shallow sea or from fissures underground and cooled once reached surface. Basalt with a dense texture is often grayish-black in color, and according to the different mineral elements inside the rock, there can be different shade variances.

Ø   清水斷涯Qingshui Cliff
    Qingshui Cliff is one of the most spectacular sights on Taiwan's Pacific coast. The cliff is more than 1,000 meters high and drops almost vertically into the sea. The highway snakes along its curving face more than 20 kilometers, with the sheer cliff rising on one side and a sheer drop to the ocean on the other. The breathtaking cliff, together with the Pacific coastline and blue sky, impresses every visitor.

Ø   司馬庫斯神木Smangus
    There is a unique communal life of indigenous Atayal in the village of Smangus, deep in the mountains of northern Taiwan’s Hsinchu County. The village was the last in Taiwan to be supplied with electricity, and the first road connecting it to the outside world was only built in 1995. Isolation has kept the village largely free from modern influences and development, leaving it as attractive as its name implies—“the gods’ village.” Located at an elevation of about 1,500 meters above sea level, the village makes you feel literally on top of the world as the tops of several mountains come into view in the distance.

There is a hiking trail leads to a group of nine cypress trees which are thousands of years old. The trail features wooden bridges, small waterfalls, bamboo thickets, and a forest of trees that steadily increase in size as you near the end.

Handcrafts

    Local handcrafts in Taiwan were made according to our daily needs, our climate, our natural environment, culture, history and religion. Traditional handcrafts represent generations of wisdom and creativity and represent the beauty of the harmony between man and nature. 

Ø   三義木雕Sanyi wood carving
    The town of Sanyi is known internationally as the center of wood carving in Taiwan. Sanyi is situated in a mountainous area with very little fertile land, but the acid clay of the hills is suitable for cultivation of camphor trees and tea trees.

    During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan, the Japanese cut down camphor trees for medical and industrial purpose. When camphor trees were deforested, workers were hired to grow tea trees. Our early ancestors living in Sanyi were hired by the Japanese to plant tea trees, and they accidentally discovered roots of chopped camphor trees buried deep underground. The roots were partly eaten away by termites, but once excavated and clean, they became natural wood of high decorative value. These natural woods are thus considered nature’s works of art.

    Of course, not all natural wood can become artwork without any help. Skilled sculptors usually use the original shape as the base to start carving and carve new life into the wood. This is how wood carving in Sanyi becomes so well-known in the world.
出處:http://wood.mlc.gov.tw/english/a/a01_01.asp

Ø   鶯歌陶瓷Yingge ceramics
    Yingge, the city of ceramics, has a reputation for high quality ceramics after potters and brick makers began to produce tea sets to accompany specially cultivated tea locally produced by Hakka Chinese immigrants.

    Over a hundred years ago, the Yingge ceramic industry was born out of this fertile land, enhancing the local Taiwanese culture with its boundless vitality. The pioneers, with their bursting creativity and strenuous determination, worked hard to make this town a prosperous center of ceramics design and production.

    The main attraction in the town is Yingge Old Street which is a pedestrian shopping street specializing in ceramic arts, pottery, porcelain, and other related products ranging all price points.

Ø   美濃油紙傘Meinung Paper Umbrella
    The Hakka people of the historic town of Meinung fashion amazing umbrellas out of bamboo and paper. These umbrellas, which are lacquered and painted in colorful designs, actually work fine in the rain. They also shade delicate skin from the hot sun; and, when not in practical use, they make lovely room decorations and even lamp shades.  

    Umbrellas are a symbol of good luck for Hakka people. The Hakka word for paper has the same sound as the word for child, and the Chinese character for umbrella “” represents a group of people under a shelter. So umbrellas are traditionally part of the dowry as auspicious for having many children. However, giving an umbrella as a gift is not good in Chinese mainstream culture. In Mandarin the word for umbrella sounds similar to "separate", so giving an umbrella to a person means you want to break the relationship.

Ø   泰雅籐編Atayal Weaving
    The Atayal tribe is distributed in the northern part of Taiwan’s Central Mountain areas. They have developed intricate fabric weaving skills, featuring sophisticated patterns and designs. The delicate patterns usually came from a variety of different diamond designs. In Atayal language, diamond also refers to eyes which, in Atayal culture, representing the soul of a human being, and, sometimes, the ancestor.

    Atayals don’t have their own character system to record their language, but they created a pattern system woven into the fabric with which they make their clothes. It’s like a history record worn by every Atayal that silently sending their messages to tribal folks, alien races, the spirit of ancestor, ghosts and gods, and to every real or imaginary targets in the world.

Ø   交趾陶Chiayi City Koji Ceramic Museum

    Koji is a kind of soft ceramic sintered in low temperature environments. In earlier times, Koji ceramic was used for wall-decorations in numerous temples in Taiwan. Now some of the Koji ceramic trinkets have turned into household collections. Koji figures are usually historic warriors, emperors, and animals in folklore, or figures depicting Chinese culture and history. The former serve as blessing symbols, as for the latter, they usually conduct moral lessons. The development of Koji ceramic can be traced back to famous masters such as Yei Wang and later on, Lin Tian-mu. Both of the craftsmen are from Chiayi.